New battery regulation
New battery regulation. The Battery Regulation is part of the European Green Deal and aims to facilitate the reuse, recycling and remanufacturing of batteries. Sep 19, 2023 · Furthermore, the EU New Battery Regulation will bolster the stability of the EU’s energy storage industry, a development of paramount importance for the EU’s future energy security. 08. Global demand for batteries is increasing rapidly and is set to increase 14 times by 2030. 28 and entered into force from 2023. presumably in 2031 – and amount to 16 per cent for cobalt, 85 per cent for lead and six per cent each for lithium and nickel. However, it also adds a restriction limit for lead and a labelling limit for Cadmium. Jun 14, 2023 · Additionally, to encourage battery recycling, the new rules set out targets for EU countries to collect 63% of portable batteries by 2027 and 70% by 2030, up from the current target of 45% which Aug 6, 2023 · The text agreed in trilogue negotiations amends the original Commission proposal substantially, notably by including batteries for light means of transport, such as e-bikes and e-scooters, within the regulation's scope, and by strengthening due diligence requirements. Nov 21, 2023 · The regulation's main objectives are: (1) to strengthen the functioning of the internal market by ensuring a level playing field through a common set of rules; (2) to promote a circular economy; and (3) to reduce environmental and social impacts throughout all stages of the battery lifecycle. 2023 and entered into force from August 17. The EU Batteries Regulation 2023 that strengthens sustainability rules for batteries and waste batteries came into force on 17 August 2023 (the Regulation). Dec 9, 2022 · The new regulation aims to reduce environmental and social impacts throughout the life cycle of the battery. Key Highlights of the New Regulations Jun 24, 2023 · Qualms about the specifics aside, the result of this month’s vote on new battery regulation was broadly welcomed by right-to-repair campaigners. Earlier, the EU Parliament’s Environment Committee had adopted its position on the proposed regulations. The regulation will regulate the entire life cycle of batteries – from production to reuse and recycling – and ensure that they are safe, sustainable and competitive. . The passport is an electronic ledger designed to improve transparency within the supply and value chains associated with each battery. The Commission's proposal was the subject of an initial exchange of views during the Environment Council of March 2021, an initial progress report in the Environment Council in June 2021 and a EUROBAT calls for ambitious and sustainable measures in the new Batteries Regulation (2020/353) to boost the European battery sector. Nov 3, 2022 · The EU Parliament has now adopted its position on new regulations for batteries’ entire product life cycle. Feb 14, 2023 · That is why the EU has agreed on a new regulation to replace the EU Directive 2006/66/EC that tackles the environmental, ethical, and social issues of increased battery production. The EU Battery Regulation encompasses a comprehensive set of rules and requirements established by the European Union (EU). Aug 31, 2023 · On 28 July 2023, the European Union published the new Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 repealing Directive 2006/66/EC on Batteries. The European Commission published the new battery and battery waste Regulation on 28 July. The new strategic approach to batteries was launched under the European Battery Alliance and found a prominent place in the European Green Deal, the new Circular Economy Action Plan and the new Industrial Strategy for Europe. In these cases, the new battery information is entered in 61-Battery Regulation then Adaptation Channel 004. The main chemical and labelling requirements are as follows:1. The new rules reflect the larger role that Aug 29, 2023 · The European Commission has set high standards for the new EU Battery Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, "EU-Batt-R"): It considers it a "strategic imperative" to develop and manufacture batteries, cf. Sep 19, 2023 · The battery regulation replaces a 2006 policy that focused on minimizing the health risks caused by hazardous battery ingredients like lead and cadmium. In contrast to a directive, a regulation is a legal act which applies automatically and Jul 8, 2024 · The EU New Battery Regulation also imposes new requirements for CE markings. The . Apr 20, 2024 · Edit by Raymomd 2023/08/23The European Union's (EU) much-anticipated battery regulations will formally take effect today, following their official announcement 20 days ago. The new Batteries Regulation goes further, as it first prohibits the placing on the market (it being specified Jan 18, 2024 · Once the battery has been recycled, the battery passport will cease to exist to make space for a new one. Jul 20, 2023 · The new EU regulation on batteries and waste batteries ("Batteries Regulation") repeals the existing 2006 batteries directive and is part of the European Green Deal. ” It also strives to promote a circular economy, work toward zero emissions, and position the 27 EU countries to become competitive players in the Dec 12, 2022 · Setting a future-proof regulatory framework for sustainable batteries has been among the key priorities under the European Battery Alliance. Who is Impacted? “Producers” of single-use and rechargeable batteries sold or offered for sale within California. Union market surveillance and Union safeguard procedures When market surveillance authorities of a Member State have sufficient reason to believe that a battery covered by the Regulation poses a risk to human health or the safety of persons The new Regulation entered into force on 17 August 2023, replacing the Battery Directive 2006/66/EC which will expire two years later with some exemptions. To that end, the regulation sets tight due diligence rules for operators who must verify the source of raw materials used for batteries placed on the market. Dec 7, 2023 · The European Union (EU) recently published a new regulation for batteries and waste batteries, replacing the EU Batteries Directive. Furthermore, a lower level of carbon footprint would also constitute a competitive advantage for battery manufacturers. The new Regulation will replace the existing Batteries Directive from 2006. A new EU battery regulation, Regulation 2023/1542, was recently approved, and it will not only replace Battery Directive 2006/66/EC but also introduce requirements in many new areas of sustainability and safety of batteries and battery-operated products. New EU battery rules to deliver on Strategic Action Plan on Batteries, to support developing a sustainable and competitive battery value chain, and to strengthen a strategic, 4-million-new-jobs industry. The Model Law lays out procedural frameworks and substantive requirements for residential, commercial, and utility-scale battery energy storage systems. Mar 14, 2023 · Carbon Footprint: The Battery’s Environmental Impact. 01% lead. The regulation amends Directive 2008/98/EC on waste management (see summary) and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 on market surveillance and compliance of products (see summary). It continues to restrict the use of mercury and cadmium in batteries and introduces a restriction for lead in portable batteries. 17. Feb 27, 2024 · As part of the new obligations being imposed by the Regulation, EV batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh will soon be required to have a 'Carbon Footprint Declaration' by which operators will provide information to consumers about the battery's carbon footprint. References. The new EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 entered into force on 17 August 2023 and covers the whole lifecycle of batteries from production to reuse and recycling. This new regulation helps to harmonize the regulatory framework, includes the entire life cycle of batteries produced and commercialized in the Union and sets out rules on sustainability, performance, safety, collection, recycling and second-life of batteries. The Batteries Regulation contains many of such technical requirements, which have to be taken into account during the planning, technical implementation, production and introduction to the market of battery electric vehicles. 1. Manufacturers will need to comply with these time to implement new specific regulatory requirements that affect the basic technical vehicle design. Once passed, these regulations will require new circular partnerships between battery manufacturers and recyclers. Visit our cookies policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences. new circular economy action plan and industrial strategy) set outplans for updating the EU legislative framework, based on the 2006 Batteries Directive. The regulation 2023/1542 has entered into force and applies from 18 February 2024, same as set out in other provisions of the regulation. May 28, 2024 · The EU Battery Regulation is a comprehensive legislative framework aimed at promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility within the battery sector. As almost every application today contains batteries, not least the cars on our roads, some manufacturers are overwhelmed by Dec 18, 2014 · The regulations cover all types of batteries, regardless of their shape, volume, weight, material composition or use; and all appliances into which a battery is or may be incorporated. 1907/2006. In the coming years, the demand for energy storage across various sectors is expected to surge, with the European energy storage market projected to grow at an EU Battery Regulation Webinar Series: Episode 1 – Introduction to the EU Battery Regulation In this first episode of our webinar series on the EU Battery regulation, our experts give insight into the scope and timeline of the regulation, manufacturer and importer responsibilities, how battery categories are defined and much more. The new EU Batteries Regulation 2023/1542 covers the whole lifecycle of batteries from production to reuse and recycling. 70 euros for each manufacturer, brand and battery type or for each authorised representative, represented manufacturer, brand and Mar 10, 2022 · Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 10 March 2022 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning batteries and waste batteries, repealing Directive 2006/66/EC and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 (COM(2020)0798 – C9-0400/2020 – 2020/0353(COD)) (1) May 24, 2022 · "The Battery Policies and Incentives database serves to help stakeholders at each level of the supply chain be aware of existing regulations for all aspects of the battery life cycle and supply chain including production, distribution, use, and recycling," said NREL's Ted Sears, an advanced vehicle and fuels regulations senior project leader. The impact will be felt not only by the usual battery-driven industries but also by manufacturers of battery-powered medical devices and in vitro diagnostic devices. Jul 10, 2023 · The Council today adopted a new regulation that strengthens sustainability rules for batteries and waste batteries. It complements this legislation, including: Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles 11; Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste 12; Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Jun 14, 2023 · A certain proportion of these recovered substances is to be made mandatory for use in new batteries. Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive Under the new regulation, every industrial battery with a capacity of more than 2kWh, EV battery, and LMT battery will require a battery passport. It aims to strengthen the functioning of the internal market and reduce environmental and social impacts through all stages of the battery life cycle. The new Regulation remains most of the chemical and labelling requirements set forth in the Directive 2006/66/EC. Furthermore, the battery law in Austria stipulates that all Austrian companies that deliver batteries to other European countries must comply with the regulations on authorized representatives that apply there. To that end, the provisional agreement sets tight due diligence rules for operators who must verify the source of raw materials used for batteries placed on the market. The new rules extend producer responsibility and require due diligence of supply chains to assess social and environmental risks, with a key focus on the supply of cobalt, natural graphite, lithium and nickel. The new EU Battery Regulation is a central component of the Green Deal because of the prominent position and important role of batteries in the desired shift towards greener industries (Halleux, 2023). More stringent targets for collection are included in the new rules for portable batteries (45% by 2023, 63% by 2027 and 73% by 2030) and for light means of transport batteries (51% by 2028, 61% by 2031). 2023. By covering the entire lifecycle of batteries, introducing labeling requirements, facilitating battery exchanges, increasing collection and recycling rates, and implementing due diligence along the supply chain, more environmentally friendly and resource Concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC. The regulation has three objectives: strengthening the functioning of EU internal market (including products, processes, waste batteries and recycles), promoting a circular economy, and reducing environmental and social impacts throughout all stages of battery May 19, 2021 · The new battery regulation places new requirements on the sustainability and safety of electric vehicle batteries and rechargeable industrial batteries, including carbon footprint, content of recycled raw materials (cobalt, lead, lithium and nickel), electrochemical performance and durability, QR code, battery passport, etc. Mar 17, 2022 · The new regulation will replace the current batteries directive of 2006 and complete the existing legislation, particularly in terms of waste management. The regulation applies to all batteries imported into or used in the EU, including portable, industrial and automotive batteries. Aug 17, 2023 · In July 2023, a new EU battery regulation (Regulation 2023/1542) was approved by the EU. The recovery rate for nickel, cobalt and manganese should not be below 98pc, while the rate for lithium must be above 85pc. The regulation applies to all batteries in the EU, regardless of the origin of the battery or its materials, including portable batteries, electric vehicle batteries, and LMT (Light means of transport) batteries. The Batteries Regulation introduces an obligation for large economic operators placing batteries on the market or putting them into service to have a battery due diligence policy on responsible raw material sourcing, processing and trading, and to have it verified by a notified body and periodically audited. and e -scooters, within the regulation's scope , and by strengthening due diligence requirements . Green Deal: EU agrees new law on more sustainable and circular batteries to support EU's energy transition and competitive industry Sep 26, 2023 · The EU plans to replace the existing Directive 2006/66/EC with the new EU Regulation on batteries and waste batteries (“Battery Regulation”). The European Parliament and the Council adopted the new Batteries Regulation on 12 July 2023. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council concerning batteries and Dec 9, 2022 · The agreed rules will cover the entire battery life cycle, from design to end-of-life and apply to all types of batteries sold in the EU: portable batteries, SLI batteries (supplying power for starting, lighting or ignition of vehicles), light means of transport (LMT) batteries (providing power for the traction to wheeled vehicles such as electric scooters and bikes), electric vehicle (EV Jul 10, 2023 · The new regulation aims to reduce environmental and social impacts throughout the life cycle of the battery. Jul 28, 2023 · Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC (Text with EEA relevance) The ACCC is urging businesses who supply button batteries, or products that are powered by them, to ensure they are complying with the new button battery safety standards ahead of the laws becoming mandatory on 22 June. May 24, 2022 · On 10 December 2020, the European Commission published a proposal for a new EU Regulation concerning batteries and waste batteries ("Battery Regulation"). This will minimise the environmental impact of this exponential growth in light of new socioeconomic conditions, technological developments, markets, and battery Aug 9, 2023 · The use of hazardous substances for battery manufacturing has always been restricted under EU law, either by the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC now repealed, or by more general regulations such as the REACH Regulation No. This does not include the battery, though in some cases resulting in the destruction of the device. This article clarifies, which medical device manufacturers and which medical devices are affected by the Battery Regulation, what the requirements of this regulation are, and Nov 7, 2023 · The new regulation will replace the current 2006 Battery Directive and complement existing legislation, particularly in the area of waste management. In turn, replaceability is defined as a battery or battery pack being “removable with tools commonly available to the end-user” and without destruction of the device or battery, thus enabling replacement to support further operation of the device. Dec 10, 2020 · The proposal is fully in line with the EU’s existing environmental and waste legislation. We welcome the provisional political agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Council on Friday aiming to make all batteries placed on the EU market more sustainable, circular and safe. The Regulation will target the entire life cycle of batteries, from their production, their reuse, and recycling to guarantee the safety definition of “cell” herein, it is a “cell”, not a “battery”, regardless of whether the unit is termed a “battery” or a “single cell battery” outside of the UN Model Regulations, the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and this guidance. Mar 3, 2022 · There are specific battery recycling processes for each type of battery due to the different metals and compounds used to manufacture them. It repeals Directive 2006/66/EC on the disposal of spent batteries (see summary ) from 30 June 2027. Understand the EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542's impact: stricter industry standards from February 2024, focusing on environmental accountability and carbon footprint transparency. The new Regulation will replace […] The majority of the provisions will apply from 18 February 2024 and, by 2027, have gradually replaced the previous requirements under the Battery Directive, which was implemented in Germany pursuant to the Battery Act. To make batteries a true enabler of the green transition, a new regulatory framework has to be put in place. The EU could account for 17% of that demand. Oct 6, 2022 · A new battery EPR scheme will require battery producers to create or fund stewardship programs for collecting and recycling most batteries sold within California, beginning no later than April 1, 2027. The regulation sets new requirements for battery design, manufacture, labelling, recycling and reporting. Mar 31, 2022 · The EU’s proposed new Battery Regulation will directly impact energy storage. e. In order to assess the carbon footprint of batteries, calculated through the product’s LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), and identify the potential for improvement, the EU Battery Regulation introduced a number of rules and methods for quantifying the Carbon Footprint, the parameter used to estimate the total direct and indirect greenhouse Oct 18, 2023 · The aim of the regulation is to create a harmonized legislation for the sustainability and safety of batteries. The ACCC is also calling on consumers to check for unsafe button battery products in their homes. While the Battery Regulation is already in force, further legal documents will be published in the coming years specifying certain aspects of the implementation (see timeline below). Aug 2, 2023 · A new batteries regulation will impact the design, production and waste management of all types of batteries manufactured or sold in the European Union. These new guidelines introduce significant changes poised to impact battery producers across the globe, with companies in China and Taiwan being at the forefront of these challenges. Aug 23, 2022 · The new regulation plans to apply a declaration of carbon footprint and the creation of carbon footprint classes and, at a later stage, set a carbon footprint threshold for batteries entering the EU. The new Regulation is considerably more comprehensive than the previous directive. It awaits formal adoption by Parliament, with a plenary vote scheduled during the June 2023 session. Jun 18, 2024 · For instance, a standard like UL 4200A focuses on the secureness of the battery compartments and it requires tests that prove that the product battery compartment is not easily accessible. Right to Repair Europe’s Ganapini called it The New EU battery regulation is an important step towards a more sustainable and competitive battery economy. The new EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 is relevant to a wide range of businesses and organizations involved in the battery industry, including: Battery manufacturers: The regulation sets strict standards for battery production, including requirements for material use, recycling, and labeling. One of the most popular is the lithium-ion Jul 28, 2023 · The Model Law is intended to help local government officials and AHJs adopt legislations and regulations to responsibly accommodate battery energy storage systems in their communities. The new EU Battery Regulation, Regulation 2023/1542, introduces significant changes and requirements aimed at enhancing the sustainability and safety of batteries and battery-operated products. 07. Jul 28, 2023 · This regulation establishes rules on the sustainability, performance, safety, collection, recycling and second life of batteries placed on the market in the EU. Enacted to support the European Green Deal and the circular economy, the regulation addresses various aspects of the battery lifecycle, from design and production to recycling and disposal. 6 days ago · The new EU battery regulation 2023/1542 came into force in August 2023. Jul 28, 2023 · (1) The Communication of the Commission of 11 December 2019 on ‘The European Green Deal’ (the ‘European Green Deal’) is Europe’s growth strategy that aims to transform the Union into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. You will find here below a number of assets and publications, produced by EUROBAT, aimed at promoting a coherent, sustainable and supportive legislative frame work for batteries in Europe. Aug 31, 2023 · The long awaited Batteries Regulation has been revealed earlier this summer, and went into effect 17 August. In order to reflect new developments and market trends in the use of batteries, the classification into portable batteries on the one hand and industrial and automotive batteries on the other has been extended under Directive 2006/66/EC. 0005% mercury, 0. Vinçotte provides essential compliance support, including analysis, training, and verification. Next steps The European Parliament and the Council will now formally have to adopt the new Regulation before it can enter into force. Jul 28, 2023 · EU New Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 was published by EU Commission on July 28. In particular, the regulation's chapter concerning the management of waste batteries will apply from 18 August 2025. Legislative text: Introduction to the new EU battery regulation. The regulations, with effect from 1 January, include new recovery rates for major battery metals. Aug 17, 2023 · The Regulation entered into force on 17 August 2023 and repeals the Batteries Directive (Directive 2006/66/EC). The new regulation means that negotiations with EU governments can begin. Introduction of New Battery Types. The regulation provides for an exemption for SMEs from the due diligence rules. This is potentially a revolutionary technology that can increase material sourcing transparency, expedite Sep 21, 2023 · Our specialists discuss the new European Union (EU) battery regulation and answer six of your frequently asked questions. The new battery regulation controls all battery chemistries, with rules varying by battery category, for example, EV the battery manufacturing will have to be identified and mitigated. 19-CAN Gateway using CAN This procedure applies to battery replacement in vehicles using a battery management control module that is a slave/subsystem of the CAN Gateway. There are Jul 18, 2023 · The new EU battery regulation sets ambitious goals for the battery industry and lays the foundation for a sustainable circular economy. Oct 10, 2023 · The new regulation aims to “minimize the environmental impact of this exponential growth in light of new socioeconomic conditions, technological developments, markets, and battery usages. The simplest and most common way to store energy is through batteries. The purpose of the Regulation is to strengthen the competitiveness of EU’s eco-friendly battery industry and to contribute to EU’s de-carbonization by reflecting the policy objectives set out in the European Green Deal, the Circular Economy Action Plan, EU’s New Industrial Strategy, and EU’s Strategic Plan on Batteries, among others. Jun 20, 2024 · The phased implementation of the rules (Regulation 2023/1542) begins in July 2024 and regulates the carbon footprint, recycled content of new batteries, labeling and the introduction of an online battery information system. Jul 20, 2023 · The text of the new European Battery Regulation (the Regulation) has now been formally approved by both the European Parliament (14 June) and the Council of the EU (10 July) (see our previous publication). Key points of the EU Battery Regulation are a mandatory declaration and labelling, among others, regarding battery components and recycled content – as well as an electronic “battery passport Oct 19, 2023 · The new regulation replaces the previous Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and aims at regulating the entire battery life cycle and value chain in an integrated manner. The new regulation introduces 5 new categories. Apr 22, 2021 · In addition, fees are charged for registering with stiftung ear, as shown in the fee schedule of the regulation on fees for the German Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Batteries Act: the registration costs 141. Feb 12, 2022 · The regulations for authorized representatives are to take effect on January 1, 2022. New EU Framework Batteries Regulation. Consignment, one or more packages of dangerous goods accepted by an operator (airline) from one This site uses cookies. On July 28, 2023, the EU Commission published the new EU Battery Regulation (2023/1542) concerning batteries and waste batteries, which replaced the EU Batteries Directive (2006/66/EC) and took effect on August 17, 2023. European Commission proposal . Restriction Limits Lead (newly added The new Regulation entered into force on 17 August 2023, replacing the Battery Directive 2006/66/EC which will expire two years later with some exceptions. The majority of the provisions will apply from 18 February 2024 and gradually replace the previous requirements from the Battery Directive by 2027. In contrast to a directive, a regulation is a legal act which applies automatically and uniformly in all EU countries, without the need for transposition into national law. An abbreviation of “Conformité Européenne,” or European conformity—the CE mark has been around since 1993, and serves as a way for manufacturers to declare that their product complies with all the applicable legal requirements within the European Economic Area. Jul 25, 2023 · Battery due diligence policies. The new regulations set out substantial additional requirements for importers, manufacturers, and distributors of batteries and battery-containing products in the EU. proposal for a regulation concerning batteries and waste batteries covers batteries' full life cycle, from design to disposal. the associated draft regulation from December 2020. The EU is preparing tougher battery regulations, which are expected to come into force in 2022-2023. It also updates and repeals Directive 2006/66/EC on waste batteries and introduces new requirements for batteries and their environmental impacts. The application of some standards that aren’t required by regulations may be voluntary in theory. EU New Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 published by EU commission on 2023. 3) New Brunswick’s Draft EPR Regulation that includes lead batteries <5kg 4) Quebec’s EPR Regulation that only includes SSLA <5kg 5) Ontario’s Battery Regulation: More Regulatory Information Aug 19, 2024 · The EU Battery Regulation, a new law adopted in July 2023 that brings forward the circular economy and zero pollution ambitions of the EU and strengthens the EU’s strategic autonomy. Aug 17, 2023 · The new Batteries Regulation will ensure that, in the future, batteries have a low carbon footprint, use minimal harmful substances, need less raw materials from non-EU countries, and are collected, reused and recycled to a high degree in Europe. </p> Feb 3, 2023 · The regulation proposes the use of labelling to clarify battery characteristics as well as the use of a battery passport, which will provide detailed information on the material supply chain, the use of the battery, and the state of health. 002% cadmium, and 0. The aim of the regulation is to create a harmonized legislation for the sustainability and safety of batteries. The European Commission, Parliament, and Council have agreed on a finalized text for new EU battery regulations set for publication later this year. May 27, 2024 · In addition to restrictions set out in previous directives, the new EU battery regulations mandate restrictions on substances in portable batteries, LMT, and other vehicle batteries, the regulation requires them to contain no more than 0. The EU has implemented a sweeping new regulation that imposes significant obligations on manufacturers, importers, and distributors of batteries in the European market. The minimum requirements are to become valid eight years after the regulation enters into force – i. The regulation will establish requirements for Jun 14, 2023 · Minimum levels of recycled content from manufacturing and consumer waste for use in new batteries: eight years after the entry into force of the regulation - 16% for cobalt, 85% for lead, 6% for lithium and 6% for nickel; 13 years after the entry into force: 26% for cobalt, 85% for lead, 12% for lithium and 15% for nickel. tpqp hmuevga tfdfx juyinyc hlzuf nvldlx tdj rucrb rrgro etdscfq